Multi-dimensional evidence from the UK Biobank shows the impact of diet and macronutrient intake on aging

生命银行 健康衰老 孟德尔随机化 老年学 医学 心理干预 临床营养学 环境卫生 生物 内科学 生物信息学 生物化学 基因 精神科 基因型 遗传变异
作者
Chen Zhu,Youfa Wang,Xiaosong Yang,Qiran Zhao,Xu Wenyan,Xiaolu Wang,Yanjun Liang,Qihui Chen,S.M. Fan
出处
期刊:Communications medicine [Springer Nature]
卷期号:5 (1)
标识
DOI:10.1038/s43856-025-00754-5
摘要

The role of diet in aging is crucial, yet research findings on how specific diets influence human aging remain inconsistent. Understanding the relationship between dietary factors and aging could inform interventions to promote healthier aging outcomes. We analyzed data from the UK Biobank baseline survey and a 24-hour dietary assessment survey to investigate the association between diet and aging. The study examined 18 individual food intakes, 6 dietary patterns, 3 macronutrient intakes, and 3 dietary quality scores. High-dimensional Fixed Effects (HDFE) models were used to assess associations between dietary factors and aging measures, including telomere length, phenotypic age, and brain grey/white matter volumes. Multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) was employed to explore causal links between macronutrient consumption and aging outcomes. Our results show that healthier diets are generally associated with improved aging outcomes from HDFE analyses. Plant-based food consumption correlates with increased telomere length and reduced phenotypic age, while animal-based food intake is linked to adverse aging effects. MVMR results confirm the causal benefits of carbohydrate intake, including reductions in phenotypic age (β = -0.0025; 95% CI = [-0.0047, -0.0003]; p = 0.0253) and increases in whole-brain grey matter volume (β = 0.0262; 95% CI = [0.007, 0.046]; p = 0.0087). The latter association remains significant after multiple testing correction. This study underscores the significant role of diet in biological aging and provides robust evidence for the benefits of carbohydrate intake in promoting healthier aging. These findings highlight the potential of dietary interventions to improve aging-related outcomes.
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