双锰矿
锰铁
铁酸盐
锰
结核(地质)
化学
氧化还原
遗传算法
吸收(声学)
无机化学
材料科学
地质学
吸附
氧化锰
有机化学
复合材料
古生物学
生物
进化生物学
作者
Matthew A. Marcus,Alain Manceau,Michael Kersten
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.015
摘要
The speciation of Mn, Fe, As, and Zn in a fast-growing (0.02mm/yr), shallow-marine, ferromanganese nodule has been examined by micro X-ray fluorescence, micro X-ray diffraction, and micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This nodule exhibits alternating Fe-rich and Mn-rich layers reflecting redox variations in water chemistry. Fe occurs as two-line ferrihydrite. The As is strictly associated with Fe and is mostly pentavalent, with an environment similar to that of As sorbed on or coprecipitated with synthetic ferrihydrite. The Mn is in the form of turbostratic birnessite with ∼10% trivalent manganese in the layers and probably ∼8% corner-sharing metal octahedra in the interlayers. The Zn is enriched on the rim of the nodule, associated with Mn. The Zn is completely (>90%) tetrahedrally coordinated and sorbed in the interlayers of birnessite on vacant layer Mn sites. The Zn and Mn species are similar to ones found in soils, suggesting common structural principles despite the differing formation conditions in these systems.
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