Evolution in the metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of 1,1′-disubstituted alkenes

Despite remarkable progress over the past decade, asymmetric hydroformylation (AHF) is still an underdeveloped field compared to other enantioselective transformations involving alkenes and thus has not encountered a place at an industrial scale yet. The research in AHF has been mainly focused on monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted substrates and many excellent reviews about its progress have been published. Less attention has been paid to the AHF of 1,1′-disubstituted alkenes although in the last years significant advances were made in expanding substrate scope and catalyst design. This review focuses on the progress made in the AHF of 1,1′-disubstituted alkenes, from the most studied alkenes bearing coordinating groups to the most challenging unfunctionalized ones.