Enhancement of Water Productivity and Energy Efficiency in Sorption-based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems: From Material, Component to System Level

吸附 组分(热力学) 环境科学 生产力 材料科学 水循环 雨水收集 高效能源利用 能量(信号处理) 工艺工程 环境工程 大气科学 化学工程 吸附 化学 热力学 物理化学 工程类 物理 生态学 宏观经济学 生物 电气工程 经济 量子力学
作者
Shengxi Bai,Xiaoxue Yao,Man Yi Wong,Qili Xu,Hao Li,Kaixin Lin,Yiying Zhou,Tsz Chung Ho,Aiqiang Pan,Jianheng Chen,Yihao Zhu,Steven Wang,Chi Yan Tso
出处
期刊:ACS Nano [American Chemical Society]
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.4c09582
摘要

To address the increasingly serious water scarcity across the world, sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) continues to attract attention among various water production methods, due to it being less dependent on climatic and geographical conditions. Water productivity and energy efficiency are the two most important evaluation indicators. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively and systematically summarize and discuss the water productivity and energy efficiency enhancement methods for SAWH systems based on three levels, from material to component to system. First, the material level covers the characteristics, categories, and mechanisms of different sorbents. Second, the component level focuses on the sorbent bed, regeneration energy, and condenser. Third, the system level encompasses the system design, operation, and synergetic effect generation with other mechanisms. Specifically, the key and promising improvement methods are: synthesizing composite sorbents with high water uptake, fast sorption kinetics, and low regeneration energy (material level); improving thermal insulation between the sorbent bed and condenser, utilizing renewable energy or electrical heating for desorption and multistage design (component level); achieving continuous system operation with a desired number of sorbent beds or rotational structure, and integrating with Peltier cooling or passive radiative cooling technologies (system level). In addition, applications and challenges of SAWH systems are explored, followed by potential outlooks and future perspectives. Overall, it is expected that this review article can provide promising directions and guidelines for the design and operation of SAWH systems with the aim of achieving high water productivity and energy efficiency.
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