The composition, characterisation, and health impacts of human milk lipid medium‐ and long‐chain TAGs

Summary Medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are naturally associated with human milk lipids and can also be associated with MCTs (medium‐chain triacylglycerols). Healthy lipids could be constructed from medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs) composed of MCFAs. Biochemical and chemical catalysts catalyse many chemical and enzymatic processes, such as acidolysis, interesterification, and esterification. Due to their potential health benefits, MCTs and MLCTs are widely used as nutraceuticals in the pharmaceutical and food industries. This comprehensive overview of MLCTs evaluates their structures, compositions, nutritional properties, and supposed health benefits. This review identifies the key research gaps to overcome the MCFA‐TAG use when compared to human milk and infant formulas.