Optimization of Hydrogen Injection Flow Rate for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines Based on IQGA

The density of hydrogen is extremely low, and during fuel supply, hydrogen gas will rapidly expand from the hydrogen injection port into the intake duct, leading to air supply blockage. To eliminate intake blockage in hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines and improve their overall performance. This article investigates the effects of different hydrogen injection rates (hydrogen injection pressure and nozzle diameter) on the performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines at low speeds, based on an improved quantum genetic algorithm (IQGA) and a combination weighting method. The results show that compared with the standard quantum genetic algorithm (QGA), IQGA has faster convergence speed and higher convergence accuracy. By using IQGA to optimize the nozzle diameter and hydrogen injection pressure, it can be concluded that when 3mm and 1.5bar are selected for hydrogen internal combustion engines, intake blockage is less likely to occur; Changing the nozzle diameter and hydrogen injection pressure separately has a significant impact on the flow state of the mixed gas in the inlet duct, and the nozzle diameter has a more significant effect on the inlet blockage than the hydrogen injection pressure. The coupling effect of the two is reflected in the impact of the hydrogen injection mass flow rate on the flow state of the mixed gas in the inlet duct. There is a strict linear relationship between the hydrogen injection mass flow rate and the maximum return flow rate. When the hydrogen injection mass flow rate is not higher than 2.29kg/h, before the inlet valve is closed, No intake back flow occurs; through the combination weighting method, it can be concluded that the comprehensive performance of hydrogen internal combustion engines is the best when the nozzle diameter is 5mm and the hydrogen injection pressure is 3bar.