Idiopathic terminal ileitis: myth or true entity?

Purpose of review Isolated terminal ileitis is an increasing phenomenon identified during colonoscopy. Idiopathic terminal ileitis (IDTI) is a diagnosis of exclusion, representing a significant challenge from a diagnostic and management point of view. This review provides an overview of the most recent and relevant evidence on idiopathic IDTI, focusing on its evolution, the natural history and the management strategies proposed in the literature. Recent findings IDTI is uncommon, with a reported prevalence between 0.5 and 7%. The main differential is with Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis in endemic countries. A proportion of patients (0–50%) can progress and develop Crohn's disease; however, there are no reliable predictive factors to stratify IDTI patients. Summary IDTI is a challenging entity, with a small proportion of patients progressing to Crohn's disease over time thus requiring follow-up. Noninvasive modalities such as capsule endoscopy are useful for follow-up, but further research is required to better understand this entity.