Recent Approaches in Nanobioformulation for Sustainable Agriculture

The advancement in nanobiotechnology tools has led to the development of nano-bioformulation to improve functional activities in an eco-friendly and targeted manner for sustainable agriculture. The nano-bioformulation prepared from plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM; mainly genera of Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, Bacillus, Rhizobium, Azotobacter spp.) could fulfill the greatest desire of the farmers. Through the developed advanced techniques of nanotechnology, nano-bioformulation could help in deciphering the concept and mechanism of the interaction of plant or crop with microbes, pests, or pathogens. Nano-bioformulation could also help in understanding the microbial diversity, functional attributes, metabolic system, and genetic potential of soil microbes, thus leading to the development and commercialization of potent biological products like biocontrol, biostimulants, biopesticides, and biofertilizers to enhance crop yield besides helping to adapt the harsh climatic conditions (Umesha et al. 2018). Nano-bioformulation will offer a green alternative to a conventional formulation based on chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides for plant growth promotion, enhance crop yield, and efficacy of plant disease control maintaining the fertility of the soil.