Thermal runaway behaviors of Li-ion batteries after low temperature aging: Experimental study and predictive modeling

Li-ion batteries are widely used as a substitute for fossil energy in various fields. However, fire and explosion accidents caused by thermal runaway have attracted widespread attention. Studies have shown that lithium plating of Li-ion batteries during low-temperature aging can seriously affect their thermal stability. Still, there is no corresponding mathematical model to analyze and predict the thermal runaway behavior of batteries during the whole life cycle after low-temperature aging. In this paper, the evolution of thermal runaway behaviors and kinetics caused by the low-temperature aging is analyzed by the stage division and analysis of the thermal runaway process based on the adiabatic thermal runaway tests. The results show that the low-temperature aging significantly affects the thermal kinetics of the battery and accelerates the thermal runaway process. By investigating several groups of experimental results, a prediction method for the kinetic parameters of side reactions of batteries with arbitrary state of health (SOH) is proposed, and a numerical model for the prediction of thermal runaway during the whole life cycle is established based on the reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the proposed model is experimentally verified to accurately predict the thermal runaway behaviors of Li-ion batteries during the whole life cycle after low-temperature aging.