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Size-segregated particle number and mass concentrations from different emission sources in urban Beijing

气溶胶 北京 薄雾 粒子数 环境科学 大气科学 微粒 分摊 超细粒子 粒子(生态学) 粒径 质量浓度(化学) 汽油 柴油 特大城市 气象学 环境化学 化学 地理 物理 体积热力学 考古 有机化学 经济 物理化学 中国 法学 政治学 海洋学 经济 量子力学 地质学
作者
Jing Cai,Biwu Chu,Lei Yao,Chao Yan,Liine Heikkinen,Feixue Zheng,Chang Li,Xiaolong Fan,Shaojun Zhang,Daoyuan Yang,Yonghong Wang,Tom Kokkonen,Tommy Chan,Ying Zhou,Lubna Dada,Yongchun Liu,Hong He,Pauli Paasonen,Joni Kujansuu,Tuukka Petäjä
出处
期刊:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 卷期号:20 (21): 12721-12740 被引量:78
标识
DOI:10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020
摘要

Abstract. Although secondary particulate matter is reported to be the main contributor of PM2.5 during haze in Chinese megacities, primary particle emissions also affect particle concentrations. In order to improve estimates of the contribution of primary sources to the particle number and mass concentrations, we performed source apportionment analyses using both chemical fingerprints and particle size distributions measured at the same site in urban Beijing from April to July 2018. Both methods resolved factors related to primary emissions, including vehicular emissions and cooking emissions, which together make up 76 % and 24 % of total particle number and organic aerosol (OA) mass, respectively. Similar source types, including particles related to vehicular emissions (1.6±1.1 µg m−3; 2.4±1.8×103 cm−3 and 5.5±2.8×103 cm−3 for two traffic-related components), cooking emissions (2.6±1.9 µg m−3 and 5.5±3.3×103 cm−3) and secondary aerosols (51±41 µg m−3 and 4.2±3.0×103 cm−3), were resolved by both methods. Converted mass concentrations from particle size distributions components were comparable with those from chemical fingerprints. Size distribution source apportionment separated vehicular emissions into a component with a mode diameter of 20 nm (“traffic-ultrafine”) and a component with a mode diameter of 100 nm (“traffic-fine”). Consistent with similar day- and nighttime diesel vehicle PM2.5 emissions estimated for the Beijing area, traffic-fine particles, hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, traffic-related factor resulting from source apportionment using chemical fingerprints) and black carbon (BC) showed similar diurnal patterns, with higher concentrations during the night and morning than during the afternoon when the boundary layer is higher. Traffic-ultrafine particles showed the highest concentrations during the rush-hour period, suggesting a prominent role of local gasoline vehicle emissions. In the absence of new particle formation, our results show that vehicular-related emissions (14 % and 30 % for ultrafine and fine particles, respectively) and cooking-activity-related emissions (32 %) dominate the particle number concentration, while secondary particulate matter (over 80 %) governs PM2.5 mass during the non-heating season in Beijing.
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