内分泌学
内科学
脂肪组织
脂质代谢
乳糜微粒
受体
生物
胆固醇
脂滴
内皮
医学
脂蛋白
极低密度脂蛋白
作者
Nada A. Abumrad,Ainara G Cabodevilla,Dmitri Samovski,Terri Pietka,Debapriya Basu,Ira J. Goldberg
出处
期刊:Circulation Research
[Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer)]
日期:2021-02-05
卷期号:128 (3): 433-450
被引量:68
标识
DOI:10.1161/circresaha.120.318003
摘要
Lipid uptake and metabolism are central to the function of organs such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Although most heart energy derives from fatty acids (FAs), excess lipid accumulation can cause cardiomyopathy. Similarly, high delivery of cholesterol can initiate coronary artery atherosclerosis. Hearts and arteries-unlike liver and adrenals-have nonfenestrated capillaries and lipid accumulation in both health and disease requires lipid movement from the circulation across the endothelial barrier. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo findings on the importance of endothelial cell receptors and uptake pathways in regulating FAs and cholesterol uptake in normal physiology and cardiovascular disease. We highlight clinical and experimental data on the roles of ECs in lipid supply to tissues, heart, and arterial wall in particular, and how this affects organ metabolism and function. Models of FA uptake into ECs suggest that receptor-mediated uptake predominates at low FA concentrations, such as during fasting, whereas FA uptake during lipolysis of chylomicrons may involve paracellular movement. Similarly, in the setting of an intact arterial endothelial layer, recent and historic data support a role for receptor-mediated processes in the movement of lipoproteins into the subarterial space. We conclude with thoughts on the need to better understand endothelial lipid transfer for fuller comprehension of the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia, and lipotoxic diseases such as some forms of cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.
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