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Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

医学 结直肠癌 入射(几何) 疾病负担 疾病负担 人口学 癌症 死亡率 潜在生命损失数年 全球卫生 疾病 环境卫生 老年学
作者
Rajesh Sharma,Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari,Rami Abd-Rabu,Hassan Abidi,Eman Abu-Gharbieh,Juan Manuel Acuna,Sangeet Adhikari,Shailesh M Advani,Muhammad Sohail Afzal,Mohamad Aghaie Meybodi,Bright Opoku Ahinkorah,Sajjad Ahmad,Ali Ahmadi,Sepideh Ahmadi,Haroon Ahmed,Luai A Ahmed,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Hanadi Al Hamad,Fares Alahdab,Fahad Mashhour Alanezi,Turki M Alanzi,Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa,Yousef Alimohamadi,Vahid Alipour,Syed Mohamed Aljunid,Motasem Alkhayyat,Sami Almustanyir,Rajaa M Al-Raddadi,Saba Alvand,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Saeed Amini,Robert Ancuceanu,Amir Anoushiravani,Ali Arash Anoushirvani,Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam,Jalal Arabloo,Armin Aryannejad,Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi,Seyyed Shamsadin Athari,Floriane Ausloos,Marcel Ausloos,Atalel Fentahun Awedew,Mamaru Ayenew Awoke,Tegegn Mulatu Ayana,Sina Azadnajafabad,Hiva Azami,Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy,Amirhossein Azari Jafari,Ashish D Badiye,Sara Bagherieh,Saeed Bahadory,Atif Amin Baig,Jennifer L Baker,Maciej Banach,Amadou Barrow,Alemshet Yirga Berhie,Sima Besharat,Devidas S Bhagat,Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula,Neeraj Bhala,Krittika Bhattacharyya,Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja,Sadia Bibi,Ali Bijani,Antonio Biondi,Tone Bjørge,Belay Boda Abule Bodicha,Dejana Braithwaite,Hermann Brenner,Daniela Calina,Chao Cao,Yin Cao,Giulia Carreras,Felix Carvalho,Ester Cerin,Raja Chandra Chakinala,William C S Cho,Dinh-Toi Chu,Joao Conde,Vera Marisa Costa,Natália Cruz-Martins,Omid Dadras,Xiaochen Dai,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Anna Danielewicz,Feleke Mekonnen Demeke,Getu Debalkie Demissie,Rupak Desai,Deepak Dhamnetiya,Mostafa Dianatinasab,Daniel Diaz,Mojtaba Didehdar,Saeid Doaei,Linh Phuong Doan,Milad Dodangeh,Fatemeh Eghbalian,Debela Debela Ejeta,Michael Ekholuenetale,Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo
出处
期刊:The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology [Elsevier]
标识
DOI:10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00044-9
摘要

Summary

Background

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades.

Methods

Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990–2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer.

Findings

Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408–868 574) to 2·17 million (2·00–2·34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682–537 877) to 1·09 million (1·02–1·15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22·2 (95% UI 21·3–23·0) per 100 000 to 26·7 (24·6–28·9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14·3 (13·5–14·9) per 100 000 to 13·7 (12·6–14·5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308·5 (294·7–320·7) per 100 000 to 295·5 (275·2–313·0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62·0 [48·9–80·0] per 100 000), Monaco (60·7 [48·5–73·6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56·6 [42·8–71·9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31·4 [26·0–37·1] per 100 000), Brunei (30·3 [26·6–34·1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28·6 [23·6–34·0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age <50 years), particularly in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries. Globally, a diet low in milk (15·6%), smoking (13·3%), a diet low in calcium (12·9%), and alcohol use (9·9%) were the main contributors to colorectal cancer DALYs in 2019.

Interpretation

The increase in incidence rates in people younger than 50 years requires vigilance from researchers, clinicians, and policy makers and a possible reconsideration of screening guidelines. The fast-rising burden in low SDI and middle SDI countries in Asia and Africa calls for colorectal cancer prevention approaches, greater awareness, and cost-effective screening and therapeutic options in these regions.

Funding

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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