Characteristics analysis and suppression strategy of energy hole in wireless sensor networks

The energy hole is one of the problems that wireless sensor networks cannot completely avoid. The existing energy hole suppression strategies lack the analysis of the development trend of energy holes and effective measures. In order to solve these problems, this paper deeply studies the formation process of energy hole, constructs an energy topography model that can reflect the different development states of energy hole. It proposes a series of basic definitions related to energy hole, including node energy surface, energy trough, quasi-energy hole, energy hole, independent energy hole, fusion energy hole, hole edge domain, and the dispersion of dead node. Then, an Energy Hole Suppression Routing Algorithm (EHSRA) for wireless sensor networks is proposed, which includes the cluster head election algorithm for suppressing energy hole, the transmission ordering strategy of the nodes in the cluster, and the data transmission strategy to realize the energy consumption balance of the network and prolong the network lifetime. Simulation experiments show that, compared with EEEHR, EA-BECHA, and DECEM algorithms, the network lifetime of the proposed algorithm is extended by 127.66%, 59.7%, and 48.61% respectively, the total energy consumption of the network is reduced by 48.52%, 21.55%, and 16.9%, respectively. At the same time, the occurrence time of dead node is delayed, and the dispersion of dead node is also higher than other algorithms. It effectively suppresses the occurrence time and expansion speed of energy hole to a certain extent.