创造力
认知重构
创意技巧
社会学
背景(考古学)
集体智慧
领域(数学)
心理学
认识论
社会心理学
知识管理
计算机科学
生物
哲学
数学
古生物学
纯数学
作者
Andrew Hargadon,Beth A. Bechky
出处
期刊:Organization Science
[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]
日期:2006-07-13
卷期号:17 (4): 484-500
被引量:1188
标识
DOI:10.1287/orsc.1060.0200
摘要
This paper introduces a model of collective creativity that explains how the locus of creative problem solving shifts, at times, from the individual to the interactions of a collective. The model is grounded in observations, interviews, informal conversations, and archival data gathered in intensive field studies of work in professional service firms. The evidence suggests that although some creative solutions can be seen as the products of individual insight, others should be regarded as the products of a momentary collective process. Such collective creativity reflects a qualitative shift in the nature of the creative process, as the comprehension of a problematic situation and the generation of creative solutions draw from—and reframe—the past experiences of participants in ways that lead to new and valuable insights. This research investigates the origins of such moments, and builds a model of collective creativity that identifies the precipitating roles played by four types of social interaction: help seeking, help giving, reflective reframing, and reinforcing. Implications of this research include shifting the emphasis in research and management of creativity from identifying and managing creative individuals to understanding the social context and developing interactive approaches to creativity, and from a focus on relatively constant contextual variables to the alignment of fluctuating variables and their precipitation of momentary phenomena.
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