Probing the chemical complexity of tires: Identification of potential tire-borne water contaminants with high-resolution mass spectrometry

环境化学 污染 化学 丙酮 浸出(土壤学) 水溶液 环境科学 色谱法 有机化学 土壤水分 生态学 生物 土壤科学
作者
Kathrin Müller,Daniel Hübner,Sven Huppertsberg,Thomas P. Knepper,Daniel Zahn
出处
期刊:Science of The Total Environment [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:802: 149799-149799 被引量:68
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149799
摘要

Tire wear particles are not only the type of polymer particles most prevalent in the environment but also act as source of various organic micropollutants, many of which are likely still unknown. We extracted particles prepared from nine tires in artificial freshwater (28 d) with the goal to characterize leachables (max intensity >105 in artificial freshwater), which are tire-borne water contaminants. A subsequent extraction of these particles with acetone (3 h) was used to assess the long-term leaching potential. A suspect and nontarget screening in aliquots of each extract led to the detection of 214 organic substances of which 145 were classified as leachables. The intrinsic polarity of some leachables (mean log D (pH 7.4) 3.9), which facilitates an increased aquatic mobility, highlights their potential as environmental water contaminants. With N,N′-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and benzothiazole, two of the ten unequivocally identified leachables, are classified as potential persistent, mobile and toxic substance by the German Environment Agency. Of the identified chemicals DPG showed the highest intensities in aqueous extracts and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPD), the precursor of 6-PPD-quinone, in acetone extracts. A comparison between the 69 detected suspects and 174 high-intensity signals (>106) detected in the nontarget screening led to an overlap of only 29 features. A detailed investigation of the remaining high-intensity suspects revealed the presence of 13 proposed DPG reaction products, further highlighting the chemical complexity of tires. Consequently, we conclude that there are many, often still unrecognized chemicals entering the aquatic environment through leaching from tire wear particles.
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