Backward Design of Chemistry Laboratories: A Primer

Backward Design is a well-known method for curricular development in which an instructor first identifies desired learning ends and then "works backwards" to determine the necessary means to these ends. Unfortunately, its use in the design of undergraduate chemistry curricular components is not necessarily widespread. This paper will provide a primer on how to use Backward Design to develop chemistry laboratory curricula including learning objectives that go beyond chemistry content. In addition to the foundational steps of Backward Design, curricular considerations will be discussed that address aspects of teaching and learning that are unique to the field of chemistry and facilitate a more inclusive, scaffolded, and intentional curriculum. A "Backward Design of Chemistry Laboratories Quick Guide" is provided in the Supporting Information for this paper to assist faculty in the use of the Backward Design curriculum development method.