Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation

免疫系统 益生菌 免疫调节 机制(生物学) 疾病 健康福利 不利影响 医学 生物技术 免疫学 生物 药理学 传统医学 细菌 内科学 哲学 遗传学 认识论
作者
Neslihan Yeşilyurt,Birsen Yılmaz,Duygu Ağagündüz,Raffaele Capasso
出处
期刊:Biologics [MDPI AG]
卷期号:1 (2): 89-110 被引量:92
标识
DOI:10.3390/biologics1020006
摘要

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.
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