Development and application of several fluorescent probes in near infrared region

Life in the body depends on the regulation of various substances, including metal ions, anions, enzymes, thiols, ROS/RNS and so on. Fluorescent probe can be used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of various analytes. Near–infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have been widely used because of the advantages of less background interference, stronger tissue penetration, and less tissue damage. In this paper, the research progress (2016–2020) and biological applications of NIR fluorescent probes based on different mechanisms are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the principle of fluorescence generation and the design strategies of different response mechanisms. At the same time, the detection system, detection limit and emission wavelength of the probes responding to the same type of analytes are compared, and the development trend of NIR fluorescent probes in the future is discussed.