软骨发生
软骨细胞
间充质干细胞
透明质酸
细胞生物学
糖胺聚糖
祖细胞
硫酸软骨素
软骨
间质细胞
化学
细胞分化
自愈水凝胶
再生(生物学)
软骨素
干细胞
体外
生物
生物化学
解剖
癌症研究
有机化学
基因
作者
Nicola Alessio,Antonietta Stellavato,Domenico Aprile,Donatella Cimini,Valentina Vassallo,Giovanni Di Bernardo,Umberto Galderisi,Chiara Schiraldi
标识
DOI:10.3389/fcell.2021.641529
摘要
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently used for cartilage cell therapy because of their well proven capacity to differentiate in chondrocytes. The advantage of MSC-based therapy is the possibility of producing a high number of chondrocytes for implants. The transplant procedure, however, has some limitations, since MSCs may produce non-functional chondrocytes. This limit has been challenged by cultivating MSC in media with hydrogels containing hyaluronic acid (HA), extractive chondroitin sulfate (CS), or bio-fermentative unsulphated chondroitin (BC) alone or in combination. Nevertheless, a clear study of the effect of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on chondrocyte differentiation is still lacking, especially for the newly obtained unsulfated chondroitin of biotechnological origin. Are these GAGs playing a role in the commitment of stem cells to chondrocyte progenitors and in the differentiation of progenitors to mature chondrocytes? Alternatively, do they have a role only in one of these biological processes? We evaluated the role of HA, CS, and – above all – BC in cell commitment and chondrocyte differentiation of MSCs by supplementing these GAGs in different phases of in vitro cultivation. Our data provided evidence that a combination of HA and CS or of HA and BC supplemented during the terminal in vitro differentiation and not during cell commitment of MSCs improved chondrocytes differentiation without the presence of fibrosis (reduced expression of Type I collagen). This result suggests that a careful evaluation of extracellular cues for chondrocyte differentiation is fundamental to obtaining a proper maturation process.
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