Metal oxide based non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for glucose detection

Glucose sensors play an important role in managing blood glucose level of diabetic patients. Although enzyme-based glucose test strips dominate glucose detection market, the intrinsic chemical and thermal sensitivity of enzymes stimulates researchers to explore chemically and thermally stable metal oxides as alternative sensing materials for non-enzymatic glucose detection. This review begins with sensing mechanisms and working principles of metal oxides based glucose sensors, followed by the discussion and summarization of recent progress of metal oxide based non-enzymatic glucose detection with a focus on electrochemical techniques. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of future trends in developing advanced non-enzymatic glucose sensors.