Electron-spectroscopic investigations of Ba and Ba compounds

Electron spectroscopic investigations of barium, barium compounds and barium thin film structures are reported. It is found that the barium 3d photoelectrons from BaO are at lower binding energies than for the case of pure barium metal. This effect is ascribed to relaxation processes. In some cases the compounds studied exhibited charging. In these cases plots of the Auger—Photoelectron energy separations are measured which were found to provide a using means of identifying the chemical environment of the barium atoms. Finally, measurements of the ionization loss spectra, principally the barium 4d lines, and changes in the plasmon energies for this series of barium compounds are reported.