Temporally Decoupled Ammonia Splitting by a Zn–NH3 Battery with an Ammonia Oxidation/Hydrogen Evolution Bifunctional Electrocatalyst as a Cathode

Ammonia splitting to hydrogen is a decisive route for hydrogen economy but is seriously limited by the complex device and low efficiency. Here, we design and propose a new rechargeable Zn–NH3 battery based on temporally decoupled ammonia splitting to achieve efficient NH3-to-H2 conversion. In this system, ammonia is oxidized into nitrogen during cathodic charging (2NH3 + 6OH– → N2 + 6H2O + 6e–) with external electrical energy conversion and storage, while during cathodic discharging, water is reduced to hydrogen (2H2O + 2e– → H2 + 2OH–) with electrical energy generation. In this loop, continuous and efficient H2 production without separation and purification is achieved. With the help of the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) bifunctional catalyst of Mo2C/NiCu@C, a rechargeable Zn–NH3 battery is realized that exhibits a high NH3-to-H2 FE of 91.6% with outstanding durability for 900 cycles (300 h) at 20 mA/cm2, enabling efficient and continuous NH3-to-H2 conversion.