Evaluating prefrontal changes in depression using functional near-infrared spectroscopy utilizing Stroop test: A comparison with healthy controls

斯特罗普效应 功能近红外光谱 心理学 听力学 邦费罗尼校正 方差分析 大脑活动与冥想 萧条(经济学) 认知 前额叶皮质 认知心理学 神经科学 医学 脑电图 内科学 经济 宏观经济学 统计 数学
作者
Rohit Verma,Ragul Ganesh,Shubham Narnoli,Panna Sharma,Neha Priya Shrivastava,Ishita Dhyani,Sumit Singhal,Stuti Karna
出处
期刊:Indian Journal of Psychiatry [Medknow]
卷期号:66 (11): 1014-1023
标识
DOI:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_602_24
摘要

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is being increasingly utilized to visualize the brain areas involved in cognitive activity to understand the human brain better. Its portability and easy setup give it an advantage over other functional brain imaging tools. The current study utilizes fNIRS while performing a Stroop test, which is commonly used to assess the impairment of information selection in depression. Aim: To compare cortical activation during the Stroop test in depressed individuals to healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) concentration changes in 39 individuals with depression to 40 healthy individuals. The Stroop test was construed in an event-related design with an intertrial interval of 2 seconds with jitter. A continuous wave fNIRS system was used for recording the cortical activity at 17 locations. Analysis of fNIRS data was done using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for estimating general linear model (GLM) coefficients. Further analysis of the mean change of OxyHb concentrations during the 2 seconds after the presentation of congruent and incongruent stimuli was done between the groups using Mann–Whitney U test corrected for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Results: While the number of errors and correct responses were similar between the groups, the reaction time for correct responses was more in the depression group in comparison to healthy individuals (t = -2.39, P = 0.01). For both healthy and depressive individuals in incongruent versus congruent task contrast, deactivation was seen in the region between the left middle frontal sulcus and frontopolar area of the brain (t = 0.41 and t = 0.21, respectively, P < 0.05). The depressed group had a higher mean change in OxyHb concentration following incongruent stimuli in comparison to the HCs (mean rank: HC = 32.63, depression = 47.56). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that individuals with depression exhibited prolonged reaction times and distinct activation patterns of the frontal cortex compared to healthy individuals. The observed pattern of brain activation for congruent and incongruent tasks among both healthy and depressed individuals aligns with the findings of the prior studies, emphasizing the utility of fNIRS as a valuable instrument for assessing brain activity.

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