Novel pH‐sensitive gellan gum–ε‐polylysine hydrogel microspheres for sulforaphene delivery

Abstract BACKGROUND This study aimed to improve the stability and utilization of sulforaphene (SFE) and to enhance the intestinal stability and pH‐sensitive release of SFE in the gastrointestinal tract. To achieve this objective, calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) was used as a crosslinking agent to fabricate novel SFE‐loaded gellan gum (GG)‐ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) pH‐sensitive hydrogel microspheres by using the ionic crosslinking technique. RESULTS The molecular docking results of GG, ε‐PL, and SFE were good and occurred in the natural state. The loading efficiency (LE) of all samples was above 70%. According to the structural characterization results, GG and ε‐PL successfully embedded SFE in a three‐dimensional network structure through electrostatic interaction. The swelling characteristics and in vitro release results revealed that the microspheres were pH‐sensitive, and SFE was mainly retained inside the hydrogel microsphere in the stomach, and subsequently released in the intestine. The result of cytotoxicity assay showed that the hydrogel microspheres were non‐toxic and had an inhibitory effect on human colon cancer Caco‐2 cells. CONCLUSION Thus, the hydrogel microspheres could improve SFE stability and utilization and achieve the intestinal targeted delivery of SFE. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.