Abstract: The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The largest known Buddhist grotto complex in the world with the longest continuous construction period and the richest available content, the grottoes are also an important witness to the exchanges that occurred between ancient China and other Silk Road civilizations. This paper discusses problems caused by environmental changes and the challenges involved with the long-term preservation of digital resources in the digital protection of the cultural heritage of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. It also discusses international cooperation in digital cultural heritage protection and the results achieved from this cooperation, which have made an important contribution to the field of digital protection of items of world cultural heritage.