US Shear-Wave Elastography Dispersion for Characterization of Chronic Liver Disease

Background Little is known about the benefits of the use of dispersion slope (DS) as a viscosity-related parameter derived from two-dimensional (2D) shear-wave elastography (SWE) in the stratification of hepatic pathologic stages. Purpose To evaluate whether DS as an additional parameter can improve the diagnostic performance in detecting liver necroinflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, consecutive participants with chronic liver disease who underwent liver biopsy and 2D SWE were recruited between July 2019 and September 2020. DS and liver stiffness (LS) measurements were obtained with use of a 2D SWE system immediately before biopsy. The biopsy specimens were assessed to obtain the scores of fibrosis, necroinflammation, and steatosis. Differences in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to compare the diagnostic performance of DS, LS, and a combination of DS and LS. Results There were 159 participants evaluated (among them, 79 participants with chronic hepatitis B and 11 participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease). The distributions of DS values among various necroinflammatory activities (P = .02) and fibrosis stages (P < .001) were different. Moreover, DS was only associated with fibrosis after subgroup analysis based on the fibrosis stages and necroinflammatory activities (P < .001). The AUCs of DS in detecting clinically significant fibrosis (fibrosis stage ≥F2), cirrhosis (fibrosis stage of F4), and moderate to severe necroinflammatory activity (necroinflammatory activity ≥A2) were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.79), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78), and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.71), respectively. The differences of AUCs were not apparent for the DS and LS combination model after excluding DS (fibrosis stage ≥F2: 0.00 [95% CI: 0.00, 0.01], fibrosis stage of F4: −0.01 [95% CI: −0.02, 0.00], and necroinflammatory activity ≥A2: 0.00 [95% CI: 0.00, 0.01]). Conclusion The addition of dispersion slope derived from two-dimensional shear-wave elastography did not improve the diagnostic performance in detecting liver fibrosis, necroinflammation, or steatosis in patients with primarily viral hepatitis. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no.: NCT03777293 © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article.