Alternative feed technology in aquaculture

The aquaculture e feed industry is one of the flourished areas of interest among researchers, and many advanced technologies are being used in this field for better feed production. Considering the market rise for fish and shellfish, especially for human consumption, the quality and quantity of products are pivotal. Better production strategies in aquaculture depend on an effective feeding approach and quality of feed ingredients. Fish meal and fish oil are the most important protein and oil sources used in aquadiet around the world. However, the sustainability of these ingredients is in question because of the decline of fish meal and fish oil availability. In this scenario, alternative feed ingredients are needed to be developed in the aquaculture feed industry as they could limit the use of conventional use of fish meal and fish oil and may enhance the quality and quantity of aquaculture produce. Hence, the present chapter discusses the alternative feed ingredients such as nonmicrobial feed ingredients and microbe-based feed ingredients as feed additives in the aquaculture industry. Major nonmicrobial feed ingredients used in aquaculture feed preparation are plant-based feed additives, insect-based feed additives, and animal byproducts. Microbe-based feed additives mainly used in aquaculture are microbial fermentation products, beneficial microbes (direct addition as probiotics), and microbial secondary metabolites and/or microbe-derived nutrients. Broad investigation on the production of alternative feed ingredients and studies on their biological effect on fish and shellfish wellbeing will assure restricted reliance on fish meal in prospective aquaculture practice.