A spatiotemporal drug release scaffold with antibiosis and bone regeneration for osteomyelitis

Scaffolds loaded with antibacterial agents and osteogenic drugs are considered essential tools for repairing bone defects caused by osteomyelitis. However, the simultaneous release of two drugs leads to premature osteogenesis and subsequent sequestrum formation in the pathological situation of unthorough antibiosis. In this study, a spatiotemporal drug-release polydopamine-functionalized mesoporous silicon nanoparticle (MSN) core/shell drug delivery system loaded with antibacterial silver (Ag) nanoparticles and osteogenic dexamethasone (Dex) was constructed and introduced into a poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold for osteomyelitis therapy. MSNs formed the inner core and were loaded with Dex through electrostatic adsorption ([email protected]), and then polydopamine was used to seal the core through the self-assembly of dopamine as the outer shell ([email protected]). Ag nanoparticles were embedded in the polydopamine shell via an in situ growth technique. Finally, the [email protected] nanoparticles were introduced into PLLA scaffolds ([email protected]/PLLA) constructed by selective laser sintering (SLS). The [email protected]/PLLA scaffold released Ag+ at the 12th hour, followed by the release of Dex starting on the fifth day. The experiments verified that the scaffold had excellent antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the scaffold significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The findings suggested that this spatiotemporal drug release scaffold had promising potential for osteomyelitis therapy.