Insights into nano-ZrO2 reinforced self-antibacterial Ti–3Cu composites via laser metal deposition: content-optimized bioactive nano-ZrO2 integrated for wear resistance, in vitro antibacterial and biological properties

A structure–performance–function-integrated concept to prepare implantable x ZrO 2 /Ti–3Cu composites using laser metal deposition, giving Ti-based materials improved wear-resistance, antibacterial properties and biological functionality.