Innovative horizons in cancer therapy, imaging, and sensing with Janus nanoparticles: A comprehensive review

In recent years, the field of nanotechnology has witnessed remarkable progress, leading to the emergence of novel nanosystems with significant implications for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Janus nanoparticles, in particular, have garnered considerable attention for their multifunctional capabilities in bioengineering applications, especially in the realm of cancer therapy and imaging. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate world of Janus nanoparticles, exploring their physicochemical attributes, synthesis methodologies, and crucial considerations regarding biosafety. The distinctive Janus nanoparticles exhibit a dual-faced structure, offering a platform for targeted drug delivery and imaging modalities in the realm of cancer research. By elucidating the morphological characteristics and particle size, this review sheds light on the unique composition of Janus nanoparticles, underscoring their potential for precise and effective cancer treatment strategies. The synthesis techniques of Janus nanoparticles, including phase separation methods, masking, and self-assembly techniques, are discussed in detail to provide insights into their fabrication processes. Moreover, the biosafety profile of Janus nanoparticles is carefully examined to ensure their biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications. The review further explores the diverse applications of Janus nanoparticles in cancer imaging, biosensing, therapy, gene delivery, and theranostics, highlighting their versatility and potential in revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms. Additionally, the utilization of stimuli-responsive Janus nanoparticles in cancer therapy is explored, emphasizing their role in overcoming drug resistance and enhancing treatment outcomes. By addressing the limitations of traditional chemotherapy and enhancing drug delivery efficiency, Janus nanoparticles represent a promising avenue for the future of cancer therapeutics. Their unique properties, coupled with innovative design strategies, hold immense potential for advancing personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes in the fight against cancer.