Vapor-phase derived ultra-fine Bismuth nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanotube networks as anodes for sodium and potassium ion batteries

阳极 材料科学 复合数 纳米颗粒 碳纳米管 化学工程 相(物质) 电导率 钾离子电池 纳米管 纳米技术 复合材料 电极 化学 冶金 有机化学 物理化学 工程类 磷酸钒锂电池
作者
Jian Yu,Dan Zhao,Chuansheng Ma,Lan Feng,Yonghao Zhang,Lifeng Zhang,Yi Liu,Shouwu Guo
出处
期刊:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science [Elsevier]
卷期号:643: 409-419 被引量:20
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.039
摘要

Bismuth (Bi) is a promising material as the anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to its characteristics such as reasonable price and high theoretical volumetric capacity (3800 mAh cm−3). Nevertheless, considerable drawbacks have hindered the practical applications of Bi, including its relatively low electrical conductivity and inevitable volumetric change during the alloying/dealloying processes. To solve these problems, we proposed a novel design: Bi nanoparticles were synthesized via a single-step low-pressure vapor-phase reaction and embedded onto the surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). After being vaporized at 650℃ and 10-5 Pa, Bi nanoparticles less than 10 nm were uniformly distributed in the three-dimensional (3D) MWCNT networks to form a Bi/MWNTs composite. In this unique design, the nanostructured Bi can reduce the risk of structural rupture during cycling, and the structure of the MWCMT network is beneficial in shortening the electron/ion transport path. In addition, MWCNTs can improve the overall conductivity of the Bi/MWCNTs composite and prevent particle aggregation, thus improving the cycling stability and rate performance. As an anode material for SIB, the Bi/MWCNTs composite has demonstrated excellent fast charging performance with a reversible capacity of 254 mAh/g at 20 A/g. A capacity of 221 mAh g−1 after cycling at 10 A/g for 8000 cycles has also been achieved for SIB. As an anode material for PIB, the Bi/MWCNTs composite has delivered excellent rate performances with a reversible capacity of 251 mAh/g at 20 A/g. A specific capacity of 270 mAh g−1 after cycling at 1 A g−1 for 5000 cycles has also been achieved for PIB.
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