兴奋毒性
谷氨酸受体
神经科学
神经退行性变
神经炎症
代谢型谷氨酸受体6
代谢型谷氨酸受体
小胶质细胞
生物
化学
细胞生物学
受体
医学
生物化学
免疫学
内科学
疾病
炎症
作者
Ludovica Iovino,Marie‐Ève Tremblay,Laura Civiero
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jphs.2020.07.011
摘要
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate transmission efficiency depends on the correct functionality and expression of a plethora of receptors and transporters, located both on neurons and glial cells. Of note, glutamate reuptake by dedicated transporters prevents its accumulation at the synapse as well as non-physiological spillover. Indeed, extracellular glutamate increase causes aberrant synaptic signaling leading to neuronal excitotoxicity and death. Moreover, extrasynaptic glutamate diffusion is strongly associated with glia reaction and neuroinflammation. Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is mainly linked to an impaired ability of glial cells to reuptake and respond to glutamate, then this is considered a common hallmark in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, we discuss the function of astrocytes and microglia in glutamate homeostasis, focusing on how glial dysfunction causes glutamate-induced excitotoxicity leading to neurodegeneration in PD.
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