Proteomic changes induced by ascorbic acid treatment on porcine immature Sertoli cells

Somatic Sertoli cells constitute the microenvironment and produce essential substances, to support male germ cell development and maturation in testis. We previously found that ascorbic acid treatment of porcine immature Sertoli cells enhances its proliferation and secretion of reproductive hormones and metabolites, and reprograms the global transcriptome. Proteomics is a powerful tool to systematically profile the underlying protein changes. Here, by employing the TMT-based quantitative proteomics method, we identified 96 and 64 significantly up- and down-regulated proteins in porcine immature Sertoli cells treated by ascorbic acid, respectively. Gene enrichment (GO and KEGG) and protein-protein interaction analyses revealed important molecular pathways (dioxygenase activity, sterol biosynthetic process, PI3K-Akt, negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion, extracellular matrix etc.). Further validation of three proteins, HMGCS1 (cholesterol synthesis), P4HA1 (glycolysis) and KDM5A (demethylation of histone 3 at lysine 4), confirmed their significant differential abundance, respectively. Taken together, our findings show that ascorbic acid can alter multiple important protein molecules and related signaling pathways, which could explain partially phenotypic changes (proliferation, apoptosis, nucleic acid methylation, lactate and reproductive hormone secretion) of porcine immature Sertoli cells as induced by ascorbic acid.