Abstract The microstructure of composites is one of the core factors affecting the machining quality of composites. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, the research on the relationship could point out the clear direction for producing composites with remarkable processability . Inspired by the function of bone microstructure to disperse stress, a multi-size particulate-reinforced composites model was proposed to produce advanced composites with better processing performance here. Concurrently, this research used the GaussAmp function to construct SiCp/Al composites with a different particle size distribution , and systematically study their mechanical properties and processing quality. The results show that the machining quality of the SiCp/Al composites could be greatly improved when the particle size distribution conforms to the right side of the GaussAmp function. This conclusion could contribute to select the particle size and content of reinforcing material accurately during machining of composites, and has far-reaching guiding significance for improving the properties and machining quality of particulate-reinforced composites.