Photochemistry on metal nanoparticles is a relatively new topic since the 2000s. It is an interdisciplinary study of surface science, photoscience, nanoscience, and nanoplasmonics. This article aims to highlight unique and intriguing features of photochemistry on supported metal nanoparticles and to provide the readers the basic knowledge about the underlying mechanisms. Firstly, we summarize important properties of metal nanoparticles and photoinduced processes at their surfaces. Next, we present typical cases of experimental studies of photochemistry on metal nanoparticles.