Optimizing DC Restoration in Kramers-Kronig Optical Single-Sideband Receivers

Kramers-Kronig optical single-sideband receivers remove the signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) that occurs when detecting a signal that has electrical signals mapped onto its optical field at the transmitter; such signals support electronic dispersion compensation without the need for a coherent receiver. To use the full range of the analog-to-digital converter's (ADC) range, it is best to a.c.-couple the photocurrent, to remove its DC content; however, the DC must be restored digitally before the KK algorithm is applied. Recent publications have concentrated on perfectly determining the restored DC's required level from the signal, with a view this is optimal for lowering error rates. In this paper, we investigate signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) cancellation in a single photodiode receiver using Kramers-Kronig receiver algorithm, with large variations in optical carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) and DC offset level. Through simulations and experiments, we find a strategy to optimize the signal quality without the need of an extensive search for the DC offset value. We also find that a theoretically perfect determination of the original DC level does not provide best signal quality especially for low CSPRs; in order to achieve maximum cancellation of signal-signal beat interference, the level of the restored DC has an optimum value that depends on the optical CSPR. We define a digital CSPR, which is the value of the CSPR in the digital domain after DC restoration. Our measurements show that we simply need to bias the signal upwards and make the minimum signal above zero by 0.1% of the r.m.s. signal amplitude when the optical CSPR is low. For higher values of optical CSPR, the optimal digital CSPR is about 2-dB lower than the optical CSPR, and the optimal DC offset can be calculated from this digital CSPR. We find that the boundary between our low optical CSPR region and high optical CSPR region depends on the noise level in the system.