多细胞生物
生物
DNA修复
DNA损伤
背景(考古学)
DNA
神经退行性变
基因组
基因组不稳定性
遗传学
计算生物学
进化生物学
细胞
基因
疾病
医学
古生物学
病理
出处
期刊:Physiology
[American Physiological Society]
日期:2023-09-01
卷期号:38 (5): 231-241
被引量:4
标识
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00006.2023
摘要
DNA is a remarkable biochemical macromolecule tasked with storing the genetic information that instructs life on planet Earth. However, its inherent chemical instability within the cellular milieu is incompatible with the accurate transmission of genetic information to subsequent generations. Therefore, biochemical pathways that continuously survey and repair DNA are essential to sustain life, and the fundamental mechanisms by which different DNA lesions are repaired have remained well conserved throughout evolution. Nonetheless, the emergence of multicellular organisms led to profound differences in cellular context and physiology, leading to large variations in the predominant sources of DNA damage between different cell types and in the relative contribution of different DNA repair pathways toward genome maintenance in different tissues. While we continue to make large strides into understanding how individual DNA repair mechanisms operate on a molecular level, much less attention is given to these cell type-specific differences. This short review aims to provide a broad overview of DNA damage and repair mechanisms to nonspecialists and to highlight some fundamental open questions in tissue and cell-type-specificity of these processes, which may have profound implications for our understanding of important pathophysiological processes such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging.
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