谱系(遗传)
进化生物学
生物
形态学(生物学)
化石记录
系统发育树
集合种群
分类学(生物学)
消光(光学矿物学)
系统发育学
生态学
动物
古生物学
人口
生物扩散
生物化学
人口学
社会学
基因
作者
Jesse M. Martin,A. B. Leece,Stephanie E. Baker,Andy I.R. Herries,David S. Strait
摘要
An uncritical reliance on the phylogenetic species concept has led paleoanthropologists to become increasingly typological in their delimitation of new species in the hominin fossil record. As a practical matter, this approach identifies species as diagnosably distinct groups of fossils that share a unique suite of morphological characters but, ontologically, a species is a metapopulation lineage segment that extends from initial divergence to eventual extinction or subsequent speciation. Working from first principles of species concept theory, it is clear that a reliance on morphological diagnosabilty will systematically overestimate species diversity in the fossil record; because morphology can evolve within a lineage segment, it follows that early and late populations of the same species can be diagnosably distinct from each other. We suggest that a combination of morphology and chronology provides a more robust test of the single-species null hypothesis than morphology alone.
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