Carbon-based materials for Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage strategies

Hydrogen energy, as a clean and sustainable energy source, holds the promise of becoming a crucial component of the future energy landscape. Magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials stand out due to their theoretical capacity of 7.6 wt.% and the ability to maintain stability under ambient conditions, making them highly promising candidates. Nonetheless, the key limitations in development stem of hydrogen energy from the relatively high thermodynamic stability and sluggish kinetics. Carbon materials, owing to their remarkable electronic conductivity, chemical stability, high-temperature resistance, and versatile customizability, provide unique advantages for improving magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials. This article offers a comprehensive overview of modifications and additives, with a primary focus on various carbon materials, aimed at optimizing the hydrogen storage properties of Mg/MgH2 system. It explores the distinct roles played by different morphologies of carbon materials in enhancing the performance of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials. In doing so, this review aims to provide fresh insights and perspectives to propel the research and development of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials.