膜
纳滤
聚丙烯腈
材料科学
选择性
化学工程
制作
超分子化学
纳米技术
纳米
化学
分子
聚合物
有机化学
复合材料
替代医学
催化作用
生物化学
病理
工程类
医学
作者
Shanshan Hong,Maria Di Vincenzo,Alberto Tiraferri,Erica Bertozzi,Radosław Górecki,Bambar Davaasuren,Xiang Li,Suzana P. Nunes
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-47083-0
摘要
Abstract Selective nanofiltration membranes with accurate molecular sieving offer a solution to recover rare metals and other valuable elements from brines. However, the development of membranes with precise sub-nanometer pores is challenging. Here, we report a scalable approach for membrane fabrication in which functionalized macrocycles are seamlessly oriented via supramolecular interactions during the interfacial polycondensation on a polyacrylonitrile support layer. The rational incorporation of macrocycles enables the formation of nanofilms with self-assembled channels holding precise molecular sieving capabilities and a threshold of 6.6 ångström, which corresponds to the macrocycle cavity size. The resulting membranes provide a 100-fold increase in selectivity for Li + /Mg 2+ separation, outperforming commercially available and state-of-the-art nanocomposite membranes for lithium recovery. Their performance is further assessed in high-recovery tests under realistic nanofiltration conditions using simulated brines or concentrated seawater with various Li + levels and demonstrates their remarkable potential in ion separation and Li + recovery applications.
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