Thrombin‐targeted screening of anticoagulant active components from Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don var. sinense Forb by affinity ultrafiltration coupled with UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS

Abstract Introduction Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don var. sinense Forb (PAF), a medicinal plant, has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the active compounds and targets of its anticoagulant effect are still unclear. Objectives This study aims to establish an effective reversely thrombin‐targeted screening method for anticoagulant active components in PAF by affinity ultrafiltration (AUF) coupled with ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). Methods Different polar parts of PAF were screened for potential thrombin ligands by AUF‐HPLC and identified by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS. After studying the affinity between ligands and thrombin by molecular docking, the antithrombotic activity of ligands was detected in vivo by zebrafish thrombus model, and in vitro by chromogenic substrate method. The mechanism of such ligands on thrombin was further studied by coagulation factor assay. Results Eleven potential thrombin ligands from PAF were screened by the AUF‐UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS method, and two compounds (butyl gallate and β‐sitosterol) with significant anticoagulant activity were discovered via in vitro and in vivo activity testing. Conclusion A method system based on AUF‐UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, molecular docking and in vivo and in vitro experiments also provided a powerful tool for further exploration of anticoagulant active components in PAF.