Establishment of a rapid and sensitive ic-ELISA for the detection of thiacloprid residues in honey and medicinal herbs using a novel highly specific monoclonal antibody

Thiacloprid is one of the first generation of neonicotinoid insecticide with a chloropyridine structure like imidacloprid and acetamiprid. Recent studies have revealed its environmental and non-target organism toxicity, leading to restrictions on its use in many countries and regions. Despite limitations, thiacloprid has been detected in various environmental samples, food sources, and biological specimens, posing a significant threat to human health, necessitating advanced detection methods for monitoring. In this study, a highly specific monoclonal antibody against thiacloprid via a multi-immunogen strategy was prepared and a rapid and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of thiacloprid residues in honey and medicinal herbs was established. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC