Nano‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Nano‐Covalent‐Organic Frameworks: Controllable Synthesis and Applications

Nanoscale framework materials have received much attention due to their diverse morphologies as well as good properties, and synthetic methods to construct different dimensions have been reported. Therefore, the study of the relationship between different sizes, dimensions and properties has become a hot research topic. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the controllable synthesis strategies of nano-metal-organic frameworks (nano-MOFs) and nano-covalent-organic frameworks (nano-COFs) and their applications in energy storage and catalysis. Commences with an overview of the synthetic evolution of nanoscale framework materials, which have garnered attention due to their exceptional specific surface area, regular pores, and tunable structural functionality. Various preparation methods for 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures are then highlighted. These synthesis strategies not only improve the stability and activity of the materials, but also provide a basis for the design of novel energy storage and catalytic materials. Furthermore, the article presents an overview of the recent advancements in the field of energy storage and catalysis, with a particular focus on the applications of nano-MOFs/COFs in zinc-, lithium-, and sodium-based batteries as well as supercapacitors. ​.