The Quaternization of Heterocyclic Compounds

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the quaternization of heterocyclic compounds. The reagents for quaternization including—alkyl halides and related compounds, aryl and heterocyclyl halides, solvents, and various other quaternizing reagents—have also been discussed. The chapter presents the influence of various substituents, in aromatic heterocyclic compounds, on quaternization. The most thoroughly studied compounds in this field are the alkyl-pyridines. The position of quaternization in monocyclic compounds such as—pyrazole, imidazole, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and cinnoline—is also reviewed. The position of quaternization in compounds with two or more nitrogen-containing rings has been studied for—diazaindenes and related compounds, tetrazaindenes, naphthyridines, phenanthrolines, triazaphenanthrenes, and pteridines. The reaction at atoms like sulfur, oxygen, and carbon—for formation of quaternary salts are provided. The chapter concludes by discussing the mechanism of quaternization.