Effects of iron and iron chelation in vitro on mucosal oxidant activity in ulcerative colitis

Background: Reactive oxygen species may be pathogenic in ulcerative colitis. Oral iron supplements anecdotally exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and iron levels are elevated in the inflamed mucosa. Mucosal iron may enhance hydroxyl ion production via Fenton chemistry. Conversely, the iron chelator, desferrioxamine, is reportedly beneficial in Crohn’s disease. Aims: To assess the in vitro effects of exogenous iron and of iron chelators on the production of reactive oxygen species by colonic biopsies from normal control subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: Luminol‐amplified chemiluminescence was used to measure mucosal reactive oxygen species production both before and after addition in vitro of ferric citrate (100 μ M ), desferrioxamine (1 m M ) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (1 m M ). Results: Ferric citrate had no effect on the chemiluminescence produced by human colonic mucosa. However, desferrioxamine and phenanthroline reduced chemiluminescence by 47% ( n =7, P =0.018) and by 26% ( n =10, P =0.005), respectively, in inactive ulcerative colitis, and by 44% ( n =9, P =0.008) and 42% ( n =11, P =0.006) in active disease. Conclusion: The lack of effect of ferric citrate suggests that sufficient free iron is already present in inflamed biopsies to drive the Fenton reaction maximally. The effects of desferrioxamine and 1,10‐phenanthroline on the chemiluminescence of biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis suggest that a clinical trial of topical iron chelation in active disease is indicated.