Biochemical characteristics, virulence traits and antifungal resistance of two major yeast species isolated from kefir: Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces unisporus

Kefir yeasts were investigated for their possible virulence using an in vitro system. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean ( UPGMA ) cluster analysis of 46 biochemical traits showed that all kefir isolates formed clusters distinct from Candida albicans . No isolate showed N ‐acetylglucosaminidase activity, which is involved in resistance against host immune systems. All Kluyveromyces marxianus isolates formed pseudohyphae and grew at 42 °C, whereas Saccharomyces unisporus isolates did not. None of the kefir yeasts had proteolytic or haemolytic activities. All K. marxianus isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, whereas S. unisporus isolates were classified as resistant.