The influence of connectives on young readers' processing and comprehension of text.

Connectives are cohesive devices that signal the relations between clauses and are critical to the construction of a coherent representation of a text's meaning.We investigated young readers' knowledge, processing, and comprehension of temporal, causal, and adversative connectives using off-line and on-line tasks.In a cloze task, 10-year-olds were more accurate than 8-year-olds on temporal and adversative connectives, but both age groups differed from adult levels of performance (Experiment 1).When required to rate the 'sense' of two-clause sentences linked by connectives, 10-year-olds and adults were better at discriminating between clauses linked by appropriate and inappropriate connectives than were 8-year-olds.The 10year-olds differed from adults only on the temporal connectives (Experiment 2).In contrast, on-line reading time measures indicated that 8-year-olds' processing of text is influenced by connectives as they read, in much the same way as 10-year-olds'.Both age groups read text more quickly when target two-clause sentences were linked by an appropriate connective compared to texts in which a connective was neutral (and), inappropriate to the meaning conveyed by the two clauses, or not present (Experiments 3 and 4).These findings indicate that although knowledge and comprehension of connectives is still developing in young readers, connectives aid text processing in typically developing readers.