Substrate-independent and widely applicable deposition of antibacterial coatings

Substrate-independent and widely applicable antibacterial coatings offer a variety of advantages from a fundamental and application-oriented perspective. Plasma polymer- and polydopamine-based antibacterial coatings are the frequently studied and most versatile widely applicable coating strategies. Both single- and dual-functional antibacterial coatings can be fabricated with plasma polymer- and polydopamine-based deposition methods. Dual-functional antibacterial coatings could potentially be used in a broad range of implant applications. Antibacterial coatings are regarded as a necessary tool to prevent implant-related infections. Substrate-independent and widely applicable coating techniques are gaining significant interest to synthesize different types of antibacterial films, which can be relevant from a fundamental and application-oriented perspective. Plasma polymer- and polydopamine-based antibacterial coatings represent the most widely studied and versatile approaches among these coating techniques. Both single- and dual-functional antibacterial coatings can be fabricated with these approaches and a variety of dual-functional antibacterial coating strategies can still be explored in future work. These coatings can potentially be used for a wide range of different implants (material, shape, and size). However, for most implants, significantly more fundamental knowledge needs to be gained before these coatings can find real-life use. Antibacterial coatings are regarded as a necessary tool to prevent implant-related infections. Substrate-independent and widely applicable coating techniques are gaining significant interest to synthesize different types of antibacterial films, which can be relevant from a fundamental and application-oriented perspective. Plasma polymer- and polydopamine-based antibacterial coatings represent the most widely studied and versatile approaches among these coating techniques. Both single- and dual-functional antibacterial coatings can be fabricated with these approaches and a variety of dual-functional antibacterial coating strategies can still be explored in future work. These coatings can potentially be used for a wide range of different implants (material, shape, and size). However, for most implants, significantly more fundamental knowledge needs to be gained before these coatings can find real-life use. a type of plasma deposition in which aerosols are introduced in the plasma, either as sole precursor, or in combination with other precursors. technique in which volatile precursors react on the substrate surface to form thin films. a complex body reaction to an implanted material that is not yet fully understood. Nonspecific protein adhesion initiates an inflammation reaction in which different white blood cells are attracted to the implant site. This results in a variety of processes, such as the formation of reactive oxygen species, which can damage the implant, and foreign body giant cells, which are macrophages that fuse during their attempt to engulf the foreign material. After the inflammation stage, the subsequent healing stage is characterized by the presence of a significant amount of fibroblasts, leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around the implant. In the latter stages of the encapsulation, new blood vessels are also formed. spreading via the blood. In case of implant-related infections, this refers to an event in which bacteria enter the bloodstream, reach the implant surface and form a biofilm. technique in which oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are alternately deposited to form thin films. working principle. In this case, it refers to different mechanisms in which antibacterial coatings can work. For example: antifouling, contact-killing, release-based biocidal. a polymer formed by the spontaneous polymerization of dopamine (Box 2). a concept that describes the competition between host tissue cells and bacteria to colonize the surface of a foreign body first. resistance to thrombosis (blood clot that blocks a blood vessel). Thrombosis can be a life-threatening condition. A variety of thromboresistant materials are being investigated, including antifouling coatings, inspired by the fact that thrombosis is initiated by initial blood protein adhesion to the biomaterial’s surface.