Innovations in point-of-care electrochemical detection of pyocyanin

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. Aeruginosa) is a prevalent and opportunistic bacterium which frequently causes severe nosocomial infection. Current clinical detection methods are limited in terms of necessary time and equipment. Increasingly, P. Aeruginosa’s electrochemically active virulence factor pyocyanin has facilitated its rapid detection, primarily through voltammetric methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). A comprehensive background on the synthesis and pathogenicity of P. Aeruginosa via pyocyanin (PyoC), is included herein. Innovative electrochemical sensor design and modification is reviewed, with a focus on screen-printed electrodes, paper-based devices, arrays, surface modification and biorecognition elements such as aptasensors.