Detection Rate of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT vs. mpMRI Targeted Biopsy for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) vs. multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) targeted biopsy (TPBx) in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa: Grade Group ≥2).From January 2021 to January 2022, 45 patients (median age: 67 years) with negative digital rectal examination underwent transperineal prostate biopsy for abnormal PSA values (median 7.3 ng/ml). Before prostate biopsy, all patients underwent mpMRI and 68Ga-PET/CT examinations, which included mpMRI (PI-RADS version 2 ≥3), and 68Ga-PET/CT index lesions suspicious for cancer (SUVmax ≥5 g/ml) underwent cognitive targeted cores (mpMRI-TPBx and PSMA-TPBx: four cores) combined with extended systematic prostate biopsy (eSPBx: median 18 cores). The procedure was performed transperineally using a tru-cut 18-gauge needle under sedation and antibiotic prophylaxis.PCa was found in 29/45 (64.4%) men; in detail, 22/45 (48.9%) were csPCa. 68Ga-PSMA-TPBx vs. mpMRI-TPBx vs. eSPBx missed one (4.5%) vs. four (18.1%) vs. seven (31.8%) csPCa, respectively; mpMRI-TPBx vs. 68Ga-PSMA-TPBx for csPCa showed a diagnostic accuracy of 73.7 vs. 77.5%.68Ga-PSMA PET/CT TPBx demonstrated good accuracy in the diagnosis of csPCa, which was not inferior to mpMRI-TPBx (77.5 vs. 73.7%), improving the detection rate for cancer in systematic biopsy.